For purposes of the ASAs, the following terms have the meanings attributed below:

1. Fraud – An intentional act by one or more individuals among management, those charged with governance, employees, or third parties, involving the use of deception to obtain an unjust or illegal advantage. (Ref: Para. A19–A23)

2. Fraud risk factors – Events or conditions that indicate an incentive or pressure to commit fraud, or provide an opportunity to commit fraud, or an attitude or rationalisation that justifies the fraudulent action. (Ref: Para. A24–A26)