Fraud risk factors means events or conditions that indicate an incentive or pressure to commit fraud or provide an opportunity to commit …

For the purposes of this Auditing Standard, the following terms have the meanings attributed below: …

Assertions – Representations, explicit or otherwise, with respect to the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of information in the financial report which are inherent in management representing that the financial report is prepared in …

Business risk – A risk resulting from significant conditions, events, circumstances, actions or inactions that could adversely affect an entity’s ability to achieve its objectives and execute its strategies, or from the setting of inappropriate objectives …

Controls – Policies or procedures that an entity establishes to achieve the control objectives of management or those charged with governance.  In this context: (Ref: Para. A2–A5) Policies are statements of what should, or should not, be done within the …

General information technology (IT) controls – Controls over the entity’s IT processes that support the continued proper operation of the IT environment, including the continued effective functioning of information processing controls and the integrity of …

Information processing controls – Controls relating to the processing of information in IT applications or manual information processes in the entity’s information system that directly address risks to the integrity of information (i.e., the completeness, …

Inherent risk factors – Characteristics of events or conditions that affect susceptibility to misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, of an assertion about a class of transactions, account balance or disclosure, before consideration of controls. Such …

IT environment – The IT applications and supporting IT infrastructure, as well as the IT processes and personnel involved in those processes, that an entity uses to support business operations and achieve business strategies. For the purposes of this ASA: …

Relevant assertions – An assertion about a class of transactions, account balance or disclosure is relevant when it has an identified risk of material misstatement. The determination of whether an assertion is a relevant assertion is made before …