An arrangement involves a formal or informal agreement between the entity and one or more other parties for such purposes as: The establishment of a business relationship through appropriate vehicles or structures. The conduct of certain types of …

If: management refuses to give the auditor permission to communicate or meet with the entity’s external legal counsel, or the entity’s external legal counsel refuses to respond appropriately to the letter of enquiry, or is prohibited from responding; and …

Identification of Significant Transactions outside the Normal Course of Business (Ref: Para.  16 )   …

Obtaining further information on significant transactions outside the entity’s normal course of business enables the auditor to evaluate whether fraud risk factors, if any, are present and, where the applicable financial reporting framework establishes …

Examples of transactions outside the entity’s normal course of business may include: Complex equity transactions, such as corporate restructurings or acquisitions. Transactions with offshore entities in jurisdictions with weak corporate laws. The leasing …

Understanding the nature of significant transactions outside the normal course of business (Ref: Para.  16(a) ) …

Enquiring into the nature of the significant transactions outside the entity’s normal course of business involves obtaining an understanding of the business rationale of the transactions, and the terms and conditions under which these have been entered …

Enquiring into whether related parties could be involved (Ref: Para.  16(b) ) …

A related party could be involved in a significant transaction outside the entity’s normal course of business not only by directly influencing the transaction through being a party to the transaction, but also by indirectly influencing it through an …

Sharing Related Party Information with the Engagement Team (Ref: Para.  17 ) …