Some financial reporting frameworks require the disclosure of related party transactions not conducted on terms equivalent to those prevailing in arm’s length transactions.  In these circumstances, if management has not disclosed a related party …

Materiality Considerations in Evaluating Misstatements (Ref: Para.  25 ) …

Another auditor may perform procedures that are substantive in nature for the benefit of user auditors.  Such an engagement may involve the performance, by another auditor, of procedures agreed upon by the user entity and its user auditor and by the …

In certain circumstances, in particular when a user entity outsources some or all of its finance function to a service organisation, the user auditor may face a situation where a significant portion of the audit evidence resides at the service …

Tests of Controls (Ref: Para.  16 ) …

The user auditor is required by ASA 330 [11] to design and perform tests of controls to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence as to the operating effectiveness of controls in certain circumstances.  In the context of a service organisation, this …

If a type 2 report is not available, a user auditor may contact the service organisation, through the user entity, to request that a service auditor be engaged to provide a type 2 report that includes tests of the operating effectiveness of the controls …

Using a Type 2 Report as Audit Evidence that Controls at the Service Organisation Are Operating Effectively (Ref: Para. 17 )  …

A type 2 report may be intended to satisfy the needs of several different user auditors; therefore tests of controls and results described in the service auditor’s report may not be relevant to assertions that are significant in the user entity’s …

For certain assertions, the shorter the period covered by a specific test and the longer the time elapsed since the performance of the test, the less audit evidence the test may provide.  In comparing the period covered by the type 2 report to the user …